Employee Stock Option Plans (ESOPs) are a powerful tool for talent retention and wealth creation. However, issuing and exercising ESOPs in India comes with specific compliance and valuation requirements under various laws, including the Companies Act, Income Tax Act, and FEMA (in case of foreign employees). This guide breaks down the valuation and filing requirements at three crucial stages - Grant, Vesting, and Exercise - to help you stay compliant. Companies Act At the time